” Deep Plane Facelift”, Sacramento, California. Top-Rated Plastic Surgeon Dr. Delgado.
Introduction
Considering a deep plane facelift in Sacramento, California? Transform your appearance with the most advanced facelift surgery available to patients in Sacramento and Northern California. This page provides a comprehensive overview of the deep plane facelift procedure, including what the surgery entails, its key benefits, the recovery process, and expert guidance on choosing the right surgeon for your needs. Whether you are a patient in Sacramento or Northern California seeking facial rejuvenation, you’ll discover why this advanced technique delivers natural-looking, long-lasting results. Learn who is an ideal candidate, what to expect from surgery and recovery, and why Dr. Miguel Delgado is a trusted choice for those seeking transformative yet natural facial enhancement. This information is essential for anyone considering facial rejuvenation, as the deep plane facelift offers advanced, natural-looking, and long-lasting results that can restore confidence and youthful appearance.
Understanding Facial Aging
Facial aging is a natural process that affects everyone, but the way it manifests can vary greatly from person to person. Over time, the skin loses elasticity as collagen and elastin production decline, leading to sagging skin and a loss of youthful facial definition. The underlying muscles and soft tissues also begin to weaken and descend, contributing to noticeable signs of aging, such as jowls, deep folds, and a less-defined jawline. In addition, facial volume diminishes as fat pads shrink or shift, and excess fat may accumulate in certain areas, further altering the facial contours.
Environmental factors like sun exposure, pollution, and lifestyle choices can accelerate these changes, causing the skin to age prematurely. Genetics also plays a significant role in how quickly and dramatically these signs of aging appear. As a result, many individuals seek cosmetic procedures, such as facelifts, to restore a more youthful appearance and address the visible effects of facial aging. Many people pursue facial rejuvenation not only to look younger but also to preserve and enhance their natural beauty, ensuring results that look authentic and true to their unique features. Understanding these underlying causes is the first step in choosing the right approach to rejuvenate your look and regain facial definition.
Continue reading to discover why the deep plane facelift is considered the gold standard for facial rejuvenation, and how deep plane facelift in San Francisco and Marin County can offer similarly advanced rejuvenation options for Northern California patients.
Why do Deep Plane Facelifts Deliver Superior Results?
The deep plane facelift is an advanced technique that addresses deeper facial tissues, not just the skin, providing natural, longer-lasting results. The technique involves lifting and repositioning the deeper facial tissues for comprehensive facial rejuvenation.
A deep plane facelift addresses facial aging at its source—the deeper structures beneath your skin, not just the surface.
Unlike a traditional facelift or mini facelift, which primarily tightens the skin, this advanced facial rejuvenation technique releases the facial ligaments and repositions the SMAS layer, facial muscles, and fat pads as a unified composite. The result is a more youthful appearance that preserves your natural expressions and movement.
Key benefits include:
- Extended Longevity: Results last 10-15 years compared to 5-7 years for conventional facelift procedures.
- Natural Results: Eliminates the “pulled” or windswept look by lifting soft tissue rather than stretching facial skin
- Comprehensive Correction: Addresses midface descent, jowls, nasolabial folds, and improves firmness and contour in the neck area in a single procedure.
- Preserved Expression: Because underlying muscles and tissues move naturally, your face maintains authentic movement
- Reduced Revision Rates: The superior technique means most patients avoid additional surgical interventions.
When skin loses elasticity, and facial volume depletes over time, surface-level approaches cannot adequately restore lost volume or reposition descended tissue. Deep plane surgery corrects these visible signs of aging by working beneath the SMAS layer, achieving jawline definition and youthful facial contours that look like you—only refreshed.
Next, learn how Dr. Delgado customizes this advanced technique for comprehensive facial rejuvenation.
How long does a deep plane facelift last? Patient Testimony and Case Study: Janice Nunez
Janice Nunez, a former patient of Dr. Delgado, shared her review along with a recent photo. I wanted to highlight her impressive 18-year follow-up following her facelift surgery.
Janice’s statement about her surgery.
“I am attaching a picture of us taken on Valentine’s Day. Even though it’s not in the same format as your before-and-after pics, I thought you might like to show it to patients. You can say this is 18 years later—and at 78 years old! I get so many compliments on my appearance, so I wanted to share it with you. Thank you again for changing my life!!”
Janice Nunize, a patient of Dr. Delgado. Her goal is facial rejuvenation.
Janice, one year after her deep-plane facelift with other procedures.
Janice, 10 years after her deep plane facelift.
18 years after her deep plane facelift on Valentine’s Day.
Expert Extended Deep Plane Facelift Surgery with Dr. Miguel Delgado
Considering a deep plane facelift in Sacramento, California? Transform your appearance with the most advanced facelift surgery available to patients in Sacramento and Northern California.
Dr. Miguel Delgado brings over 30 years of board-certified plastic surgery expertise to every deep-plane facelift procedure, supported by his San Francisco plastic surgery practice. His surgical artistry delivers natural-looking results that restore youthful facial contours without the “overdone” appearance many patients fear. Whether you’re addressing sagging skin, jowls, or a turkey neck, this cosmetic surgical procedure repositions deeper facial tissues for rejuvenation that lasts 10-15 years. Patients focused solely on neck concerns may also consider neck-lift options without a facelift.
Schedule Your Free Consultation Today
Dr. Delgado’s Outstanding Reviews
Dr. Delgado and his team take great pride in the outstanding reviews they have earned over the years. They have garnered a remarkable 4.9 rating on Google from 210 reviews, an impressive 4.7 rating on Yelp from 140 reviews, a commendable 4.8 rating on Real Self from 238 reviews, and a perfect 5.0 rating on Birdeye from 238 reviews. These platforms are among the most popular review sites available. In recognition of Dr. In recognition of Dr. Delgado’s expertise in his field, San Francisco Magazine named him the best plastic surgeon in San Francisco in 2022, an honor that brings great pride to him and his team. It is worth noting that Dr. Delgado has extensive experience spanning over three decades and is supported by an expert team specializing in aesthetic and surgical care, including facelift surgery, in Sacramento, California.
Deep Plane Facelift Specializations
Comprehensive Facial Rejuvenation
Dr. Delgado performs full deep-plane facelifts that address the midface, lower face, and neck simultaneously. This approach is ideal for patients with significant tissue descent, pronounced jowls, loose skin along the jawline, and noticeable signs of aging in the neck. By releasing facial retaining ligaments and repositioning facial tissues to their youthful position, this comprehensive approach delivers transformative yet natural results.
Combined Procedures
Many patients benefit from integrating additional facial procedures with their deep plane facelift, such as:
- Fat Transfer: Restore lost volume in the cheek area and other depleted zones
- Eyelid Surgery: Address excess skin and aging around the eyes
- Brow Lift: Elevate descended brows for a complete upper face rejuvenation
- Laser Skin Resurfacing: Improve skin texture, sun damage, and environmental factors affecting skin quality
Combining other procedures allows Dr. Delgado to create a harmonious, balanced outcome while addressing multiple concerns during a single surgical session.
Explore the top advantages of Dr. Delgado’s deep plane facelift technique in the next section.
Key Advantages of Dr. Delgado’s Deep Plane Facelift
- Releases facial ligaments for anatomically correct tissue repositioning to a youthful position
- Preserves facial nerve function, ensuring natural expressions remain intact post-surgery
- Achieves the coveted “Ogee curve,” restoring youthful volume and cheek contours
- Creates a sharp, defined jawline without the tension that causes an artificial appearance
- Eliminates jowls and restores facial volume by addressing soft tissue dissent at its source
- Minimizes visible scarring through precise small incision placement along the natural hairline and ear contours
- Reduces the need for revision surgery due to longer-lasting structural correction
- Provides personalized results based on individual goals—masculine or feminine aesthetic enhancement
- Board-certified expertise with over 30 years of experience in plastic surgery and recognition as a highly skilled surgeon
- State-of-the-art surgical facility at Marin Cosmetic Surgery Center, with full accreditation and safety protocols
With these advantages, Dr. Delgado’s patients enjoy natural, long-lasting results and a smoother recovery process.
Next, discover the step-by-step process for undergoing a deep-plane facelift with Dr. Delgado.
What is a Deep Plane Facelift?
A deep plane facelift is a highly advanced cosmetic surgical procedure designed to address the root causes of facial aging, resulting in a truly rejuvenated appearance. Unlike traditional facelift techniques that focus primarily on tightening skin, the deep plane facelift targets the deeper facial tissues—specifically the SMAS layer and underlying muscles. By carefully releasing and repositioning these deeper structures, board-certified plastic surgeons can restore youthful facial contours and achieve a more natural, long-lasting result.
This technique is considered the gold standard for facial rejuvenation because it not only lifts sagging skin but also repositions the facial tissues that have descended over time. The result is a more youthful appearance with improved cheek volume, smoother jawline, and enhanced facial definition. Many patients choose to combine a deep-plane facelift with other procedures, such as fat transfer or a deep-plane neck lift, to further enhance their results and achieve a comprehensive facial transformation, often reviewing before-and-after facelift photo galleries to visualize potential outcomes. With its ability to address both surface and structural changes, the deep plane facelift offers significant improvement in the appearance of facial aging and delivers youthful facial contours that look and feel natural.
Continue reading to learn who makes an ideal candidate for this transformative procedure.
Ideal Candidates for the Procedure
Ideal candidates for a Deep Plane Facelift are individuals with sagging skin, facial volume loss, and poor jawline definition. Candidates should be in good health and have realistic expectations about what facelift surgery can achieve. During your consultation, a skilled surgeon will review your medical history and carefully evaluate your facial anatomy to determine if you are a suitable candidate for the deep plane facelift.
Many patients who undergo facelift surgery seek to address noticeable signs of aging that cannot be improved with non-surgical treatments alone. They often report feeling more confident and satisfied with their rejuvenated appearance, especially when the results look natural and harmonious with their features. If you are considering a deep plane facelift, it is important to discuss your goals and expectations with your surgeon to ensure the best possible outcome and natural-looking results.
Next, explore the range of cosmetic surgery options available for facial rejuvenation.
What are some Cosmetic Surgery Options?
When it comes to restoring a more youthful appearance, there are several cosmetic surgery options available to address the various signs of aging. Facelift surgery remains one of the most effective ways to rejuvenate the face, with options including the traditional facelift, mini facelift, and advanced deep-plane facelift. Patients near Marin County may also consider facelift and neck lift surgery in Greenbrae, where these procedures are tailored to achieve natural, long-lasting results. Each technique offers unique benefits, from subtle enhancements to comprehensive facial rejuvenation.
In addition to surgical facelifts, non-surgical treatments such as laser skin resurfacing, dermal fillers, and fat transfer can further enhance facial definition and restore lost volume. These procedures can be performed alone or in combination with facelift surgery to achieve a more youthful appearance and address specific concerns. A gifted surgeon will work closely with you to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs and goals, ensuring balanced, natural results that enhance your beauty.
What is a Liquid Facelift as an alternative?
For those who are not ready or suitable for surgery, a liquid facelift offers a non-surgical alternative that uses dermal fillers to restore facial volume and smooth wrinkles. While a liquid facelift can provide noticeable results and a refreshed look, it is generally less effective and shorter-lasting than a deep-plane or traditional facelift. Patients exploring surgical options can look into facelift and neck lift procedures in Napa Valley for more comprehensive, longer-lasting rejuvenation or broader plastic surgery services near Napa if they are considering additional procedures. This option is ideal for patients seeking subtle improvements without the downtime of surgery.
A skilled surgeon can help you determine whether a liquid facelift or surgical approach is best for your needs, ensuring you feel confident in your decision. Facelift surgery is an elective procedure and is not covered by health insurance. Financing options, such as payment plans through M-Lend Financial Services, are available to help patients afford elective cosmetic procedures, making your chosen treatment more accessible and helping you achieve your cosmetic goals with peace of mind.
Next, learn about Dr. Delgado’s step-by-step surgical process for the deep plane facelift.
What is Fat Transfer for Facial Contours?
Fat transfer, also known as fat grafting, is a highly effective cosmetic surgical procedure that can be combined with facelift surgery to restore lost volume and refine facial contours, resulting in a more youthful appearance. As we age, facial volume naturally diminishes, leading to sagging skin, hollowed cheeks, and less defined facial features. Fat transfer addresses these concerns by using your body’s own fat to rejuvenate and enhance facial definition, creating results that look and feel natural.
During the fat transfer process, a skilled plastic surgeon gently harvests fat from areas such as the abdomen or thighs using a minimally invasive liposuction technique. The collected fat is then purified and carefully injected into targeted areas of the face—such as the cheeks, nasolabial folds, or jawline—to restore lost volume and improve facial contours. Patients in Sacramento may combine fat grafting with deep-plane facelift and neck-lift surgery to achieve more comprehensive facial rejuvenation. This approach not only replenishes youthful volume but also enhances skin texture and tone, contributing to a more radiant, refreshed look.
When performed alongside a deep-plane facelift, fat transfer offers a comprehensive solution for facial aging. While the facelift procedure lifts and repositions deeper facial tissues to address sagging skin and restore youthful facial contours, fat transfer further enhances these results by filling in areas that have lost volume over time. This combination allows for a more harmonious and balanced rejuvenation, ensuring that both facial structure and fullness are restored for a truly natural-looking result.
Dr. Delgado’s Deep Plane Facelift Surgical Process
Step 1: Comprehensive Consultation and Planning
Your journey begins with a detailed facial analysis, where Dr. Delgado assesses your unique aging patterns, skin laxity, and facial structure. He reviews your medical history, discusses your aesthetic goals, and establishes realistic expectations. Every patient receives a customized treatment plan designed around their individual anatomy and desired outcomes—whether addressing the neck region, midface descent, or full facial rejuvenation.
Step 2: Advanced Surgical Technique
Dr. Delgado makes precise incisions along the natural hairline and ear contours, strategically placed to remain virtually invisible once healing is complete. He then releases the zygomatic, masseteric, and mandibular ligaments to access deeper facial tissues. This allows mobilization of the skin, excess fat, the SMAS layer, and the platysma as a composite unit—the defining characteristic that distinguishes the deep plane technique from conventional approaches.
Step 3: Natural Tissue Repositioning
Using a vertical vector lift, Dr. Delgado repositions descended soft tissue to restore youthful facial proportions. Unlike methods that rely on tightening the skin under tension, this approach elevates the fundamental structures to their original positions. Throughout the procedure, meticulous attention is paid to preserving facial nerve integrity, and careful closure techniques minimize scarring to achieve optimal cosmetic results.
Step 4: Recovery and Follow-up Care
Patients receive comprehensive postoperative instructions, including guidance on pain management, activity limitations, and wound care. Regular follow-up appointments monitor your healing process, address any concerns, and ensure optimal results. Dr. Delgado maintains a long-term relationship with his facelift patients in the Sacramento area to support result maintenance and answer questions throughout recovery.
Now, see real patient experiences and testimonials from those who have chosen Dr. Delgado for their facial rejuvenation, and explore additional patient testimonials from his San Francisco and Marin practices to understand the consistency of his results.
Patient Success Stories
“Dr. Delgado gave me back my confidence. The results look so natural that my friends just think I look incredibly well-rested. No one would ever guess I had surgery.” – Patricia S., Sacramento Area Patient
“After researching plastic surgeon options throughout Northern California, I chose Dr. Delgado for his expertise and honest approach. My results exceeded every expectation—I look like a younger version of myself.” – Catherine R., Deep Plane Facelift Patient
“The entire experience from consultation through recovery was exceptional. Dr. Delgado’s skill as a surgeon is evident in my natural, beautiful results that still look amazing three years later.” – Margaret L., Marin County Patient
“I was hesitant about cosmetic surgery but wanted to address aging in my face and neck. Dr. Delgado explained everything clearly and delivered exactly what he promised—subtle, rejuvenated appearance that still looks like me.” – Linda M., Bay Area Patient
Read on for answers to the most frequently asked questions about deep plane facelift surgery in Sacramento, and consider one patient’s perspective in a facelift results story ten years later to appreciate the long-term benefits of advanced techniques.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long do deep plane facelift results last in Sacramento?
Deep plane facelift results generally last between 10 and 15 years, which is considerably longer than the 5 to 7 years typically seen with traditional facelift methods. This extended longevity occurs because the procedure repositions deeper facial tissues and releases ligaments, rather than relying on skin tension that gradually stretches.
Factors affecting duration include sun exposure, environmental conditions, lifestyle choices, and the natural aging process. Most patients find that even after many years, they continue to look younger than they would have without the procedure. Maintaining results includes sun protection, healthy lifestyle choices, and, if desired, complementary treatments such as dermal fillers for minor volume adjustments.
What makes Dr. Delgado’s approach different from other Sacramento surgeons?
Dr. Delgado combines board-certified plastic surgeon credentials with over 30 years of experience specializing in facial plastic procedures. You can learn more about his training, philosophy, and accomplishments in his detailed professional biography. His approach includes:
- Specialized deep plane technique with meticulous ligament release and tissue repositioning
- Personalized surgical plans based on individual facial anatomy, aging patterns, and aesthetic goals
- State-of-the-art facility at Marin Cosmetic Surgery Center with full surgical capability and safety protocols
- Comprehensive care from initial consultation through long-term follow-up
His patients consistently describe natural results that make them feel confident, without appearing “surgical” or overdone.
How does recovery compare to conventional facelift surgery?
Recovery from a deep plane facelift follows a predictable timeline:
- Days 1-2: Peak swelling and bruising; rest with head elevated
- Weeks 1-2: Bandage removal; most visible swelling subsides
- Weeks 2-3: Many patients return to non-strenuous activities and work
- Months 1-3: Continued improvement; residual swelling resolves
- Months 6-12: Final results evident; scar maturation completes
Pain medication effectively manages early discomfort, and most patients describe their pain as moderate and controllable. The healing process benefits from the deep plane technique’s preservation of the skin’s blood supply, which reduces the risk of skin complications compared with more superficial approaches. Because results last longer, patients avoid the additional recovery periods associated with revision surgery that conventional techniques often require.
Can a deep plane facelift be combined with other procedures?
Yes—combining procedures is common and often recommended for comprehensive facial rejuvenation. Popular combinations include:
- Fat transfer to restore lost volume and youthful volume in depleted areas
- Eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty) for rejuvenated upper and lower eye areas
- Brow lift to address descended eyebrows
- Laser skin resurfacing for texture improvement and sun damage correction
Addressing multiple concerns in a single procedure provides harmonious results, reduces total recovery time compared to staged surgeries, and may offer cost efficiencies. During your consultation, Dr. Delgado will discuss which combination best achieves your goals based on your unique facial aging pattern.
How do I choose a deep plane facelift surgeon in Sacramento?
Choosing the right surgeon is crucial for safety and optimal results. Consider the following:
- Board Certification: Board certification by the American Board of Plastic Surgery or the American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is essential when choosing a plastic surgeon in Sacramento. Many patients also consider the range of services and the environment offered at locations such as Dr. Delgado’s Novato plastic surgery office when evaluating their options.
- Specialization: It is important to select a plastic surgeon who specializes in facial aesthetics for procedures like facelifts.
- Before-and-After Photos: Review before-and-after photos of previous patients to assess the surgeon’s aesthetic style and results.
- Cost Considerations: The cost of a deep-plane facelift in Sacramento varies based on the complexity and any combined treatments. The average cost of facelift procedures in Sacramento ranges from $8,000 to $20,000. You can explore a detailed breakdown of facelift costs and pricing factors when planning your budget. Financing options are available to help patients manage the cost of facelift surgery.
- Consultation: Schedule a consultation to discuss your goals, ask questions, and ensure you feel comfortable with the surgeon’s approach and communication.
Taking these steps will help you make an informed decision and achieve the best possible outcome, whether you are considering comprehensive plastic surgery services in Santa Rosa.
Schedule Your Deep Plane Facelift Consultation
Transform Your Appearance with Sacramento’s Leading Expert
Achieve natural, long-lasting facial rejuvenation with Dr. Miguel Delgado—a skilled surgeon serving Sacramento and Northern California patients from his San Francisco Bay Area practice.
Dr. Delgado offers both virtual and in-office consultations to accommodate patients throughout the region. During your consultation, you’ll receive a comprehensive facial analysis, personalized treatment plan, and detailed cost estimate for your specific procedure.
Phone: Contact our office at 415-898-4161 to schedule an appointment.
Location: Marin Cosmetic Surgery Center, San Francisco Bay Area
Consultations: Virtual and in-person options available
Ideal candidates for a Deep Plane Facelift are individuals with sagging skin, facial volume loss, and poor jawline definition. Ideal candidates for deep plane facelift are in good general health, non-smokers, and have moderate to severe facial aging with realistic expectations. Whether you’re experiencing jowls, neck laxity, midface descent, or wish to address aging comprehensively, Dr. Delgado’s expertise can help you undergo facelift surgery with confidence.
Schedule your consultation today and discover why patients throughout Sacramento and Northern California choose Dr. Delgado for their facial rejuvenation.
Places of Interest in Sacramento, California for Travel Patients
- Old Sacramento Waterfront
Step back in time with this historic district featuring cobblestone streets, Gold Rush-era buildings, and charming shops. Visit the California State Railroad Museum, take a riverboat ride, or enjoy dining with a view of the Sacramento River. - California State Capitol and Museum
Explore the beautiful Capitol building, which houses the state government. The museum offers exhibits on California’s political history, and the surrounding Capitol Park is perfect for a leisurely stroll. - Crocker Art Museum
One of the oldest art museums in the U.S., the Crocker Art Museum boasts an impressive collection of California art, European masterpieces, and contemporary works. The architecture of the museum itself is stunning. - Sacramento Zoo
A family-friendly destination, the zoo is home to over 500 animals from around the world. It’s a great spot for animal lovers and kids. - Tower Bridge
This iconic golden bridge connects Sacramento to West Sacramento and offers great photo opportunities, especially at sunset. - Sutter’s Fort State Historic Park
Learn about Sacramento’s early pioneer history at this reconstructed 19th-century fort. It’s a fascinating glimpse into the city’s past. - American River Parkway
A haven for outdoor enthusiasts, this 32-mile stretch of parkland is perfect for biking, hiking, kayaking, and picnicking. - Farm-to-Fork Restaurants
Sacramento is known as the “Farm-to-Fork Capital” of the U.S. Enjoy fresh, locally sourced cuisine at renowned restaurants such as The Kitchen, Mulvaney’s B&L, and Ella Dining Room & Bar.
Things to Do
- Take a River Cruise
Enjoy a scenic cruise along the Sacramento River with Hornblower Cruises, offering everything from sightseeing tours to dinner cruises. - Visit Midtown Sacramento
This trendy neighborhood is packed with art galleries, boutique shops, and lively nightlife. Don’t miss the Second Saturday Art Walk. - Explore the Delta Wine Region
Just outside Sacramento, you’ll find charming wineries offering tastings and beautiful vineyard views. - Attend a Kings Game or Concert at Golden 1 Center
Catch an NBA game featuring the Sacramento Kings or enjoy a live concert at this state-of-the-art arena. - Bike the Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail
This scenic trail runs along the American River and is perfect for cycling or walking. - Seasonal Events
California State Fair (Summer): A fun-filled event with rides, food, and entertainment.
Farm-to-Fork Festival (Fall): Celebrate Sacramento’s culinary scene with food, wine, and live music.
- California State Fair (Summer): A fun-filled event with rides, food, and entertainment.
- Farm-to-Fork Festival (Fall): Celebrate Sacramento’s culinary scene with food, wine, and live music.
- Day Trip to Lake Tahoe or Napa Valley
Sacramento’s central location makes it a great base for day trips to nearby destinations like Lake Tahoe for outdoor adventures or Napa Valley for wine tasting. - Explore Local Breweries
Sacramento has a thriving craft beer scene. Check out breweries like Track 7 Brewing Co. or Device Brewing Company.
Sacramento offers a mix of history, culture, and outdoor activities, making it a fantastic destination for travelers of all interests.
References
- American Society of Plastic Surgery, What is a Facelift (Rhytidectomy) – https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/facelift
- Cleveland Clinic, Facelift (Rhytidectomy) – https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/11023-facelift.
- Comparative Effectiveness of Deep Plane and Extended Deep Plane Facelifts in Lower Facial Rejuvenation Purchased
- Saeed Golparvaran, MD, Pouria Ziaee, MD, Ali Aalizade, MD, Amir A. Sazgar, MD
- Aging Face Rejuvenation: Guiding Anatomic and Scientific Concepts
- Rod J Rohrich and others
- Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 46, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 348–356, https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf169
- Author Notes
- Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 46, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 407–41
